Eravikulam National Park, located in the picturesque hill station of Munnar in Kerala, is one of the state’s most treasured natural wonders. Nestled in the Western Ghats, this park is known for its rich biodiversity, scenic landscapes, and unique wildlife, making it a must-visit destination for nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers. From its cool climate to its diverse ecosystems, Eravikulam National Park offers a rare glimpse into the beauty of Kerala’s highland region. In this article, we’ll explore the park’s highlights, its wildlife, and the essential things to know before visiting.
A Glimpse Into Eravikulam National Park, Munnar
Eravikulam National Park is spread across 97 square kilometers of lush forest and rolling grasslands at the heart of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The park is known for its unique location—ranging from 1,100 meters to 2,695 meters above sea level—which creates an ideal environment for a variety of flora and fauna. It is situated in the Idukki District of Kerala, approximately 15 kilometers from Munnar, a popular tourist town known for its tea plantations and scenic beauty.
The park was established in 1978 to protect the endangered Nilgiri Tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius), a mountain goat species found exclusively in the high altitudes of the Western Ghats. The Nilgiri Tahr is one of the major attractions of the park, and its population has steadily increased due to the conservation efforts in the region.
Eravikulam National Park: A Haven for Wildlife
Eravikulam National Park is renowned for its wildlife diversity. Aside from the Nilgiri Tahr, the park is home to various species of animals, birds, and insects that thrive in the montane ecosystems. Here’s a closer look at the key wildlife species you can expect to encounter:
1. Nilgiri Tahr
The Nilgiri Tahr is undoubtedly the star of Eravikulam National Park. This endangered species of wild goat is primarily found in the highlands of the Western Ghats, and the park is one of the best places to see them in the wild. These mountain goats are agile climbers, often seen scaling the rocky slopes of the park. Their distinct curved horns and thick, dense fur help them adapt to the cool, misty climate of the park. The Nilgiri Tahr is an endangered species, and Eravikulam’s conservation efforts have helped increase their population over the years.
2. Tigers, Leopards, and Other Mammals
While the Nilgiri Tahr is the most famous animal in the park, Eravikulam National Park also shelters other larger mammals such as tigers, leopards, and wild boars. These elusive predators are not often spotted due to the dense forest cover, but they roam the park’s rich terrain. Other notable mammals include the Indian Bison (Gaur), sambar deer, and muntjac (barking deer), all of which contribute to the park’s vibrant ecosystem.
3. Birds of Eravikulam
Eravikulam National Park is a birdwatcher’s paradise. The park is home to a variety of resident and migratory bird species. Some of the prominent birds found in the park include the Nilgiri Pipit, Kerala Laughingthrush, Malabar Whistling Thrush, and the Indian Vulture. The park’s grasslands and forest areas are ideal habitats for various birds, particularly in the early mornings and late evenings when they are most active.
4. Reptiles and Amphibians
Eravikulam National Park also hosts several species of reptiles and amphibians, including the Indian rock python, water snake, and various species of frogs. These creatures contribute to the park’s intricate food web, playing a vital role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.
Flora of Eravikulam National Park
The flora of Eravikulam National Park is just as diverse and captivating as its fauna. The park is home to a variety of vegetation types, ranging from dense tropical forests to grassy meadows.
- Grasslands: The park’s high-altitude grasslands are known for the unique species of grass that grow here. These grasslands are particularly prominent in the areas surrounding the Anamudi Peak, the highest point in South India, which is located inside the park.
- Shola Forests: These montane forests are dominated by dense shrubs and tall trees, creating a cool, misty environment. Species such as eucalyptus, shola pines, and silver oak are common in the park.
- Wildflowers: The park also hosts a wide variety of wildflowers, including the Neelakurinji flower, which blooms once every twelve years, turning the hillsides a stunning shade of violet. This rare phenomenon draws visitors from around the world when it happens, though it occurs only infrequently.
Visiting Eravikulam National Park: Tips and Best Time to Go
Eravikulam National Park is open to visitors year-round, but the best time to visit is between September and March. During this period, the weather is cooler, making it more comfortable for trekking and wildlife viewing. The park experiences heavy rainfall from June to August, which can make access difficult, especially in the monsoon season.
Timings:
The park generally opens at 7:30 AM and closes at 4:00 PM. Visitors should plan to arrive early in the morning, as the animals are most active during the early hours.
Entry Fees:
The entry fee for Eravikulam National Park is nominal, with additional charges for guides and vehicle services if required. Separate fees apply for foreign tourists, and it is recommended to check for updates on the fees before planning a visit.
Accessing the Park:
The park is easily accessible from Munnar, and there are well-maintained roads leading to the park entrance. Visitors can either walk through the park or take the shuttle service provided by the Kerala Forest Development Corporation (KFDC). The shuttle service is a convenient option, especially if you wish to reach the higher elevations where wildlife sightings are more common.
Activities in Eravikulam National Park
While the primary draw of Eravikulam National Park is its rich biodiversity and stunning landscapes, there are several activities visitors can indulge in:
- Trekking: For the adventurous at heart, there are several trekking trails that lead through the park’s diverse terrains. The trek to Anamudi Peak is a highlight, offering panoramic views of the surrounding valleys and hills. However, trekking to the peak is subject to permits and is best arranged through the park authorities.
- Wildlife Watching: The park’s diverse ecosystems make it ideal for wildlife watching. Early morning safaris are popular for spotting the Nilgiri Tahr and various bird species, while the late afternoon often brings sightings of leopards and wild boars.
- Photography: With its rich flora, fauna, and landscapes, Eravikulam National Park is a photographer’s dream. The combination of misty valleys, mountain views, and wildlife offers countless opportunities for capturing nature in its purest form.
Eravikulam National Park Photos: Capturing the Essence of the Park
Eravikulam National Park is a visual paradise, with its lush green landscapes, mist-covered hills, and fascinating wildlife. Some of the most breathtaking photos from the park include:
- The Nilgiri Tahr grazing on the slopes of Anamudi.
- The vibrant colors of the Neelakurinji flowers that blanket the hillsides during blooming season.
- A panoramic view of the park’s sweeping grasslands, with mist rolling over the valleys.
- Photos of sambar deer and other mammals as they wander through the forest.
- Close-ups of the park’s resident bird species perched amidst the lush greenery.
Conclusion: A Must-Visit for Nature and Wildlife Lovers
Eravikulam National Park in Munnar is a stunning example of Kerala’s rich biodiversity and natural beauty. From the rare Nilgiri Tahr to the diverse ecosystems, the park offers a wealth of wildlife and natural scenery that will captivate nature lovers, photographers, and adventure enthusiasts alike. A visit to Eravikulam National Park is more than just a wildlife experience; it’s an opportunity to witness the unspoiled beauty of one of India’s most important conservation areas.
Whether you’re trekking to Anamudi Peak, enjoying a leisurely walk through the park’s meadows, or simply soaking in the natural surroundings, a visit to Eravikulam is sure to leave you with memories of one of Kerala’s most pristine landscapes. So, if you’re ever in Munnar, make sure to add Eravikulam National Park to your itinerary—this natural gem is an experience you won’t forget.